Search results for "fat distribution"

showing 10 items of 40 documents

Exposure to a Highly Caloric Palatable Diet During Pregestational and Gestational Periods Affects Hypothalamic and Hippocampal Endocannabinoid Levels…

2016

Journal Article; Exposure to unbalanced diets during pre-gestational and gestational periods may result in long-term alterations in metabolism and behavior. The contribution of the endocannabinoid system to these long-term adaptive responses is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the impact of female rat exposure to a hypercaloric-hypoproteic palatable diet during pre-gestational, gestational and lactational periods on the development of male offspring. In addition, the hypothalamic and hippocampal endocannabinoid contents at birth and the behavioral performance in adulthood were investigated. Exposure to a palatable diet resulted in low weight offspring who exhibited low hypotha…

0301 basic medicine:Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Phenotype [Medical Subject Headings]hippocampus:Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Postpartum Period::Lactation [Medical Subject Headings]Anxiety:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Fat Distribution::Adiposity [Medical Subject Headings]Hippocampus:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Feeding Behavior::Food Preferences [Medical Subject Headings]Open fieldBehavioral NeuroscienceOleoylethanolamidechemistry.chemical_compound:Named Groups::Persons::Parents::Mothers [Medical Subject Headings]0302 clinical medicineLactation:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Maternal Exposure [Medical Subject Headings]maternal diethypothalamusMasculinoOriginal Research:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Physiological Processes::Nutrition Processes::Weaning [Medical Subject Headings]Adipogenesis:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Hydrocarbons Acyclic::Alkenes::Polyunsaturated Alkamides [Medical Subject Headings]AnandamideanxietyEndocannabinoid systemEtanolaminasEndocannabinoidesExposición maternaAlcamidas poliinsaturadasNeuropsychology and Physiological Psychologymedicine.anatomical_structureAdiposidad:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids Unsaturated::Fatty Acids Monounsaturated::Oleic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]CannabinoidesEmocionesGestationDieta:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Physiological Effects of Drugs::Hormones Hormone Substitutes and Hormone Antagonists::Hormones::Endocannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]Fenotipo:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Terpenes::Cannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Palmitic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids Unsaturated::Arachidonic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]medicine.medical_specialtyOffspringCognitive NeurosciencePreferencias alimentariasHypothalamus:Check Tags::Male [Medical Subject Headings]Development:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet [Medical Subject Headings]Biologylcsh:RC321-571adipogenesisÁcidos oléicosAnsiedadRatas03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicineHipocampomedicineMaternal diet:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Limbic System::Hippocampus [Medical Subject Headings]endocannabinoids:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Emotions::Anxiety [Medical Subject Headings]lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatrydevelopmentÁcido araquidónicoCacaoPalmitoylethanolamideLactancia:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amines::Amino Alcohols::Ethanolamines [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Glycerides [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::Rats [Medical Subject Headings]030104 developmental biologyEndocrinologychemistryDestete:Organisms::Eukaryota::Plants::Viridiplantae::Streptophyta::Embryophyta::Angiosperms::Sterculiaceae::Cacao [Medical Subject Headings]:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Emotions [Medical Subject Headings]MadresGlicéridosÁcidos palmíticos030217 neurology & neurosurgeryEndocannabinoidsNeuroscienceFrontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
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Novel and known signals of selection for fat deposition in domestic sheep breeds from Africa and Eurasia

2018

International audience; Genomic regions subjected to selection frequently show signatures such as within-population reduced nucleotide diversity and outlier values of differentiation among differentially selected populations. In this study, we analyzed 50K SNP genotype data of 373 animals belonging to 23 sheep breeds of different geographic origins using the Rsb (extended haplotype homozygosity) and FST statistical approaches, to identify loci associated with the fat-tail phenotype. We also checked if these putative selection signatures overlapped with regions of high-homozygosity (ROH). The analyses identified novel signals and confirmed the presence of selection signature in genomic regio…

0301 basic medicineCandidate geneTopographyEuropean PeopleHeredity[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]Social SciencesGenome-wide association studyBreedingBiochemistryHomozygosityNucleotide diversityFatsSettore AGR/17 - Zootecnica Generale E Miglioramento GeneticoCell SignalingGenotypePsychologyEthnicitiesBody Fat Distribution2. Zero hungerMammalsIslandssheep fat tail SNP selection sigantures candidate genesMultidisciplinaryAnimal BehaviorQHomozygoteREukaryotaSingle Nucleotide04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesRuminantsPhenotypeLipidsBreedItalian PeopleAfrica; Animals; Asia; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genotype; Homozygote; Phenotype; Polymorphism Single Nucleotide; Sheep; Body Fat Distribution; Breeding; Selection GeneticPhenotypeVertebratesMedicineGenomic Signal ProcessingResearch ArticleSignal TransductionAsiaGenotypeScienceSingle-nucleotide polymorphismGenomicsQuantitative trait locusBiologyAnimal Sexual BehaviorPolymorphism Single NucleotideMolecular Genetics03 medical and health sciencesGeneticGeneticsSNPAnimalsPolymorphismSelection GeneticSelectionMolecular BiologySelection (genetic algorithm)BehaviorLandformsSheep0402 animal and dairy scienceOrganismsBiology and Life SciencesGeomorphologyCell Biology040201 dairy & animal science030104 developmental biologyEvolutionary biologyAmniotesPeople and PlacesAfricaEarth SciencesPopulation GroupingsZoologyGenome-Wide Association Study
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Maternal Caloric Restriction Implemented during the Preconceptional and Pregnancy Period Alters Hypothalamic and Hippocampal Endocannabinoid Levels a…

2016

Journal Article; Exposure to inadequate nutritional conditions in critical windows of development has been associated to disturbances on metabolism and behavior in the offspring later in life. The role of the endocannabinoid system, a known regulator of energy expenditure and adaptive behaviors, in the modulation of these processes is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the impact of exposing rat dams to diet restriction (20% less calories than standard diet) during pre-gestational and gestational periods on: (a) neonatal outcomes; (b) endocannabinoid content in hypothalamus, hippocampus and olfactory bulb at birth; (c) metabolism-related parameters; and (d) behavior in adult mal…

0301 basic medicineLitter (animal)hippocampuschemistry.chemical_compoundBehavioral Neuroscience0302 clinical medicineMaternal urdernutrition:Phenomena and Processes::Metabolic Phenomena::Body Composition::Body Fat Distribution::Adiposity [Medical Subject Headings]rathypothalamus:Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Processes::Reproduction::Pregnancy [Medical Subject Headings]Original Research:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Adaptation Psychological [Medical Subject Headings]Endocannabinoid systemOlfactory BulbEndocannabinoidesNeuropsychology and Physiological PsychologyAdiposidadGestationmedicine.symptomRestricción calórica:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids Unsaturated::Arachidonic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]medicine.medical_specialtyOffspringEmbarazo:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet::Energy Intake::Caloric Restriction [Medical Subject Headings]Cognitive NeuroscienceHypothalamusBiologyDevelopmentlcsh:RC321-57103 medical and health sciencesAnsiedadRatasHyppocampusInternal medicinemedicineHipocampoÁcidos araquidónicos:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Limbic System::Hippocampus [Medical Subject Headings]endocannabinoids:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Emotions::Anxiety [Medical Subject Headings]lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatrydevelopmentPregnancyPalmitoylethanolamideBehavior:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Neurotransmitter Agents::Endocannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]behaviorMetabolismo Energético:Phenomena and Processes::Metabolic Phenomena::Metabolism::Energy Metabolism [Medical Subject Headings]maternal undernutrition:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Limbic System::Hypothalamus [Medical Subject Headings]medicine.diseaseAdaptación psicológicaOlfactory bulb030104 developmental biologyEndocrinologyMetabolism:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::Rats [Medical Subject Headings]chemistryRatWeight gainmetabolism030217 neurology & neurosurgeryHipotálamoEndocannabinoidsNeuroscienceFrontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
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Influence of a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern on Body Fat Distribution: Results of the PREDIMED-Canarias Intervention Randomized Trial

2016

Objective: To assess the influence of a Mediterranean dietary pattern (MeDiet) on anthropometric and body composition parameters in one of the centers of the PREDIMED randomized dietary trial. Subjects/Settings: 351 Canarian free-living subjects aged 55 to 80 years, with type 2 diabetes or ≥3 cardiovascular risk factors. Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to one of 3 different dietary interventions: MeDiet + extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), MeDiet + nuts (walnuts, almonds, and hazelnuts), or a control low-fat diet. Total energy intake was ad libitum. Outcome measures: Measures included changes in anthropometric measures (weight, body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference [WC…

0301 basic medicineMaleobesityWaistMediterranean dietBody waterMedicine (miscellaneous)JuglansType 2 diabetesPREDIMED StudyDiet MediterraneanBody Mass Index03 medical and health sciencesCorylusClassification of obesityMediterranean dietMedicineBody Fat DistributionHumansNutsFood scienceDiet Fat-RestrictedOlive OilAgedAged 80 and overbody composition030109 nutrition & dieteticsNutrition and Dieteticsbusiness.industryBody WeightAnthropometryMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseObesityPrunus dulcisbody fatDiabetes Mellitus Type 2Cardiovascular DiseasesSpainoctapolar bioimpedance analysisFemaleWaist CircumferencebusinessBody mass index
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2018

Recent studies suggest that exercise alters the gut microbiome. We determined whether six-weeks endurance exercise, without changing diet, affected the gut metagenome and systemic metabolites of overweight women. Previously sedentary overweight women (n = 19) underwent a six-weeks endurance exercise intervention, but two were excluded due to antibiotic therapy. The gut microbiota composition and functions were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomics. Body composition was analyzed with DXA X-ray densitometer and serum metabolomics with NMR metabolomics. Total energy and energy-yielding nutrient intakes were analyzed from food records using Micro-Nutrica software. Serum…

0301 basic medicineMicrobiology (medical)Very low-density lipoproteinbiologyCholesterolPhysiologyAkkermansia030229 sport sciencesGut floraOverweightbiology.organism_classificationMicrobiology03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound030104 developmental biology0302 clinical medicinechemistryEndurance trainingmedicineAndroid fat distributionMicrobiomemedicine.symptomFrontiers in Microbiology
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Effects of hypocaloric diets with different glycemic indexes on endothelial function and glycemic variability in overweight and in obese adult patien…

2013

Background & aims: The role of glycemic index of the diet in glucose control and cardiovascular prevention is still not clear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hypocaloric diets with different glycemic indexes and glycemic loads on endothelial function and glycemic variability in nondiabetic participants at increased cardiovascular risk. Methods: Forty nondiabetic obese participants were randomly assigned to a three-month treatment with either a low glycemic index (LGI; n ¼ 19) or high glycemic index (HGI; n ¼ 21) hypocaloric diet with similar macronutrient and fiber content. Endothelial function was measured as flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery befo…

AdultBlood GlucoseMalemedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentBrachial ArteryOverweightCritical Care and Intensive Care MedicineGastroenterologyBody Mass IndexYoung AdultInsulin resistanceRisk FactorsWeight lossInternal medicineWeight LossGlycemic loadDiabetes MellitusmedicineBody Fat DistributionHumansInsulinendothelial function glycemic variability diet glycemic index glycemic load cardiovascular riskEndotheliumObesitySettore MED/49 - Scienze Tecniche Dietetiche ApplicateCaloric RestrictionGlycemicNutrition and Dieteticsbusiness.industryMiddle AgedOverweightmedicine.diseaseGlycemic indexEndocrinologyCardiovascular DiseasesGlycemic IndexBody CompositionFemaleInsulin Resistancemedicine.symptomEnergy IntakebusinessBody mass indexDietingClinical Nutrition
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Endothelial dysfunction in PCOS. role of obesity and adipose hormones

2006

PURPOSE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an extremely prevalent disorder in which elevated blood markers of cardiovascular risk and altered endothelial function have been found. This study was designed to determine if abnormal carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in young women with PCOS may be explained by insulin resistance and elevated adipocytokines. METHODS: A prospective study in 50 young women with PCOS (age: 25.2 +/- 1 years; body mass index [BMI]: 28.7 +/- 0.8) and 50 matched ovulatory controls (age: 25.1 +/- 0.7 years; BMI: 28.5 +/- 0.5) was performed. Carotid IMT, brachial FMD, and blood for fasting glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponect…

AdultBlood Glucosemedicine.medical_specialtyinsulinBrachial ArteryendotheliumPeptide Hormonesmedicine.medical_treatmentAdipokineleptinBody Mass IndexInsulin resistanceInternal medicineAdipocytesmedicineBody Fat DistributionHumansResistinObesityProspective Studiescardiovascular diseasesEndothelial dysfunctionAdiponectinadiponectinbusiness.industryInsulinLeptinpcosEndothelial dysfunction in PCOS: role of obesity and adipose hormones.nutritional and metabolic diseasesGeneral Medicinemedicine.diseasePolycystic ovaryVasodilationCarotid ArteriesEndocrinologyCase-Control Studiespcos; endothelium; insulin; adiponectin; leptincardiovascular systemCytokinesFemaleResistinEndothelium VascularInsulin ResistanceTunica IntimaTunica MediabusinessBlood Flow VelocityPolycystic Ovary Syndrome
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Heterogeneity of obesity-asthma association disentangled by latent class analysis, the SAPALDIA cohort

2017

Although evidence for the heterogeneity of asthma accumulated, consensus for definitions of asthma phenotypes is still lacking. Obesity may have heterogeneous effects on various asthma phenotypes. We aimed to distinguish asthma phenotypes by latent class analysis and to investigate their associations with different obesity parameters in adults using a population-based Swiss cohort (SAPALDIA). We applied latent class analysis to 959 self-reported asthmatics using information on disease activity, atopy, and age of onset. Associations with obesity were examined by multinomial logistic regression, after adjustments for age, sex, smoking status, educational level, and study centre. Body mass ind…

AdultHypersensitivity ImmediateMalePulmonary and Respiratory MedicineWaistAdolescentEpidemiologyPopulationBody Mass IndexCohort Studies03 medical and health sciencesYoung Adult0302 clinical medicineWaist–hip ratioimmune system diseasesRisk FactorsMedicineBody Fat DistributionHumans030212 general & internal medicineObesityeducationAsthmaWaist-to-height ratioeducation.field_of_studyAsthma heterogeneitybusiness.industrySmokingMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseObesityLatent class modelAsthmarespiratory tract diseasesPhenotype030228 respiratory systemSpirometryBody fatImmunologyFemaleSelf ReportWaist CircumferencebusinessSettore SECS-S/01 - StatisticaBody mass indexSwitzerlandDemographyRespiratory Medicine
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The effects of indoor cycling training in sedentary overweight women

2010

Abstract AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition and physiological effects in young sedentary overweight women after an indoor cycle training period. METHODS: Fourteen subjects (22.6+/-2.1 yrs; 25-29.9 BMI) were trained for 12 weeks in a specific indoor cycling protocol (ICP) consisting of three sessions/week carried out in a fitness room. Body composition and physiological parameters were taken before the beginning of the study and after 12, 24 and 36 sessions. RESULTS: We observed a reduction of 2.6% and 3.2% in body weight and of 4.3% and 5% in fat mass after 24 and 36 sessions respectively (P<0.05). Lean mass increased by 2.3% and 2.6% respectively after 24 and 3…

AdultLegcyclingOverweightThoraxBicyclingCardiovascular Physiological PhenomenaOxygen ConsumptionHeart RatePhysical FitnessWeight LossArmRespiratory Physiological PhenomenaBody Fat DistributionHumansFemaleSedentary BehaviorWaist Circumference
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Circulating levels of adipose products and differences in fat distribution in the ovulatory and anovulatory phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome.

2009

Central fat distribution is increased in anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with ovulatory PCOS and matched controls. Among secreted adipocytokines, this is reflected mainly in lower levels of adiponectin.

AdultLeptinOvulationmedicine.medical_specialtySettore MED/09 - Medicina Internaendocrine system diseasesmedia_common.quotation_subjectAdipokineAdipose tissueBiologyAnovulationInsulin resistanceAdipokinesInternal medicinemedicineBody Fat DistributionHumansNicotinamide PhosphoribosyltransferaseOvulationmedia_commonAdiponectinLeptinnutritional and metabolic diseasesObstetrics and Gynecologymedicine.diseasePolycystic ovaryfat distribution; polycystic ovary syndromeLipidsfemale genital diseases and pregnancy complicationsEndocrinologyC-Reactive ProteinPhenotypeReproductive Medicinefat distributionCase-Control StudiesFemaleAdiponectinInsulin ResistanceWaist CircumferenceRetinol-Binding Proteins PlasmaAnovulationPolycystic Ovary SyndromeFertility and sterility
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